Jewish Law: Primary law

The Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, is comprised of the Torah (the Five Books of Moses), plus the Ketuvim (Writings) and the Nevi’im (Prophets). Law emanating from the Torah is referred to as the Written Law. There is no single scholarly consensus about the timeline of its development, but it assumed its final form around the 1st century BCE.

The Tanakh is regarded by Jews around the world to be the primary scripture for the Jewish religion. It contains not only a listing of laws and commandments, but also a description of the beginnings of Jewish religion. It is often considered the "origin story" of the Jewish people.

The Talmud consists of multiple sources: the Mishnah (a transcription of Jewish oral commentary on the Torah that was compiled in 220 CE by Rabbi Judah Ha-Nasi), the Gemara (a commentary on the Mishnah, complied between 220 CE and 500 CE), and an assortment of other commentaries. 

There are two versions of the Gemara: the Talmud Bavli (a.k.a. the Babylonian Talmud) and the Talmud Yerushalmi (a.k.a. the Jerusalem Talmud or the Palestinian Talmud.). The former is the product of the great Talmud academies of Babylonia, whereas the latter is the product of academies in the Land of Israel (of the two, the Talmud Bavli is more widely considered authoritative).