| Type | Example |
| Note |
Interviews and e-mail are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the References list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the interview or e-mail. |
| Example 1 - Parenthetical In-Text Citation | "Startups often have flexible organizational structures because of their smaller size" (M. R. Smith, personal communication, January 25, 2015).
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| Example 2 - Narrative In-Text Citation |
Note: If the name of the person who provided the information is mentioned in the sentence leading into the quote or paraphrased content, you do not need to repeat it in the in-text citation. Smith explained that "startups often have flexible organizational structures because of their smaller size" (personal communication, January 25, 2015). |