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Business Citation Guide: Statistics

This guide provides examples for citing business resources in APA, MLA, and Chicago citation styles.

Statistics

Type Example
Reference List Citation

Note: This recommendation follows the advice provided in Section 10.9 Data Sets, Software, and Tests in the APA 7th edition manual (pp. 337-338).

 

Last Name, A. A. or Corporate Name. (Year, Month Date or Date Range if appropriate). Title of data set: Subtitle [Table number or format]. Publisher Name if different then author. DOI or URL

Example:

Statistics Canada. (2021, August 31). Chartered banks, mortgage loans report, end of period, Bank of Canada (x 1,000,000): Q2 2020 to Q1 2021 [Table: 10-10-0134-01]. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1010013401

In-Text Citation: Quote

Example:

(Statistics Canada, 2021)

Note: Tables will not have page numbers.

In-Text Citation: Paraphrase

Example:

(Statistics Canada, 2021)

 

Type Example
Reference List Citation

Note: There is no prescribed style for business database reports in the APA Style Manual. The following suggestion has been developed by York's business librarians.

 

Author's last name, A. A. or Corporate Author. (Year of Publication, Month Day).Title of report or type of information being retrieved: Subtitle if any [Type of report]. Name of Library Database. 

 

Example:

Daniel Research Group. (2019, September). Unit shipments of mobile personal computers (PCs) and laptops in the United States, from 2013 to 2023 (in millions) [Chart]. Statista. 

Example if using more than one chart from the same year:

Statista. (2020a, July). Share of internet users in Canada with accounts on selected social media platforms as of April 2020, by age group [Chart]. Statista.

Statista. (2020b, July). Share of internet users in Canada with accounts on selected social media platforms as of April 2020, by gender [Chart]. Statista.

Note: Statista provides charts, reports, and data from governments, trade / industry associations, and their own surveys. Always confirm who is the original author of the data.

In-Text Citation: Quote

Example:

(Daniel Research Group, 2019)

Example if using more than one chart from the same year:

(Statista, 2020a)

(Statista, 2020b)

Note: For some Statista resources, there will be no page numbers as you will just be using a standalone chart. However, if you download a full Statista report, you will be able to use page numbers.

In-Text Citation: Paraphrase

Example:

(Daniel Research Group, 2019)

Example if using more than one chart from the same year:

(Statista, 2020a)

(Statista, 2020b)