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Business Citation Guide: Works Quoted in Another Source (Indirect Sources)

This guide provides examples for citing business resources in APA, MLA, and Chicago citation styles.

Indirect Sources

  • Definition of an indirect source: Sometimes the author of a source you are using (indirect source) may quote or paraphrase another source (original source). For example, the article you are reading was written by Kirkey, but they included a quotation by Smith that you would like to use in your essay.
  • Basic rule: You would cite the source you are using in both your Works Cited list and in-text citation. Using the example, you would cite the work by Kirkey and not Smith. To help identify that the quote or paraphrase is from another author's work, you will add the words "qtd. in" to your in-text citation. You do not need to use "qtd. in" if your text makes it clear the source is secondhand.

The above information has been adapted from Seneca Libraries' Works Quoted in Another Source section of their MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition). Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.

 

Type Example
In-text citation examples:
Paraphrase		 According to a study by Smith (qtd. in Kirkey) 42% of doctors would refuse to perform legal euthanasia.
In-text citation examples:
Direct Quote		 Smith (qtd. in Kirkey) states that “even if euthanasia was legal, 42% of doctors would be against this method of assisted dying” (A.10).
Reference list citation example

Kirkey, Susan. "Euthanasia." The Montreal Gazette, 9 Feb. 2013, p. A.10. Canadian Newsstand Major Dailies.

The above information has been adapted from Seneca Libraries' Works Quoted in Another Source section of their MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition). Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence.